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Tando Qaiser
Tando Qaiser is a town in Hyderabad District, Pakistan. It is named after late 18th-century leader of Nizamani tribe in Sindh Qaiser Khan Nizamani who founded the village after his son Gulham Ali Nizamani died there whilst Qaiser, his younger brother Aloda and their retinue were moving north to Southern Punjab. Tando means fortified settlement and indicates original settlement founded by Qaiser was a militarily fortified settlement.
==History==
Qaiser Khan was a great-grandson of Nizamuddin Rind (also known as Nizam Sakhi) of Dera Ghazi Khan. Nizam Sakhi is buried in at tomb in Choti Nawab, Dera Ghazi Khan and his offspring constitute the Rind sub-tribe called Nizamani which is now spread over Southern Punjab and Sindh. Qaiser entered Sindh sometime around A.D. 1750 to serve in the army of the then Kalhora kings of Sindh at the invitation of the Talpur tribe. At the time, the Talpurs formed the major part and commanded the Kalhora army. Subsequently around A.D. 1780, the Talpur chief Fateh Ali overthrew the Kalhora kings with the support of Qaiser and the Nizamani contingent of the army as well as the support of other Baloch chieftains. Sindh was a vassal state of the Afghan kings, the deposed Kalhora king appealed to the Afghan king for military support to regain his throne. The Afghans had begun military preparations when Qaiser arrived at the court of the Afghan king to negotiate to avert the military invasion of Sindh and to gain approval for enthronement of Fateh Ali Talpur. The Afghan king agreed and gave Qaiser a 'sand' (seal of approval) for Fateh Ali to mount the throne of Sindh.
However, the alliance with the Fateh Ali did not last long and for various reasons Qaiser fell out with the Talpur chief and, therefore, decided to go back to Dera Ghazi Khan. On the way back, his son Ghulam Ali fell ill and died close to the current town of Tando Qaiser around A.D. 1790. Qaiser, then well in his 70s, was extremely saddened by the demise of his beloved son and decided to go no further and settle near to where he buried his son. Qaiser's sorrow is carved in Persian words on Ghulam Ali's grave which roughly translate as "I stand sorrowful at the death of my son". Qaiser fortified his settlement, which subsequently grew and became famous as Tando Qaiser.
At about the time of the invasion of Sindh by the British East India Company in A.D. 1843 which led to the battles of Miani and Dabo, Tando Qaiser was a thriving town led by Qaiser's great grandsons Ghulam Ali and Ghulam Hussain. The former was martyred at the Battle of Miani against the army of the East India Company under the command of General Charles Napier. Thereafter the British occupied Sindh and the supremacy of the Baluch tribes came to an end. The British gave favours to those who gave allegiance to them. In particular, the Hindu community greatly benefited and grew in wealth and prominence. For example, the Hindu Thakurs of Tando Qaiser were highly successful in business, trade, and industry. Mango produced in Tando Qaiser were sold in the markets of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) by the Thakurs. They also established a cotton factory in Tando Qaiser in the early part of the 20th century but due to the independence of Pakistan in 1947, they left Tando Qaiser and their established cotton factory was sold to Haji Wahi Dino Pahore. With that, industrialisation ended in Tando Qaiser.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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